Your Go-To Guide For Stretching

Elizabeth Millard
经过Elizabeth Millard
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Your Go-To Guide For Stretching

虽然锻炼像新鲜的力量和c选项ardio options get the most attention, it pays to spend some time focusing on what you do before and after your workout as well.

拉伸as part of a warmup, mid-exercise break and cooldown can help increase your range of motion, release tight muscles to make them more efficient during a workout and evenreduce soreness later。什么时候done right,扩展会增强您的运动恢复 - 更好的恢复意味着更快的结果。

Not all stretches are interchangeable, though. To get the best results, it’s important to think about what types of stretches you do — and什么时候you do them.

这是一个快速的备忘单,要在下一次锻炼之前,之中和之后牢记:

伸展运动的基本类型

在考虑使用哪种延伸时,了解主要类别很有用:

  • Ballistic:This is most often seen when you “bounce” during a stretch. For example, you may see people at the gym reaching down for their toes and bouncing in and out of the stretch. This is considered a very ineffective way to stretch, and may even lead to injury because it doesn’t allow your muscles to adjust to lengthening and shortening properly.
  • 动态的:This is where you move your body through its full range of motion. Even though you’re moving as you stretch, you’re using controlled movements. For example, you may do slow arm swings before doing overhead presses or slow leg swings before going for a brisk walk.
  • 静止的:当您进入伸展职位并保持它时,那就是静态拉伸。一个例子是,当您完成跑步并伸展腿筋时,将一条腿放在长凳上,向前弯曲10秒钟。
  • Isometric:一种静态拉伸的等距收缩涉及在拉伸过程中“紧张”肌肉,有时会增加电阻。例如,您可能会通过弯曲膝盖并将脚靠在身后的墙上,然后“推”墙壁,就好像您可以移动它一样。等距拉伸通常持续约10-15秒。

锻炼前伸展

伸展以在锻炼之前加热肌肉和关节动态拉伸, according to Sean Kuechenmeister, a trainer at纽约体育科学实验室,最好的方法是模仿您在锻炼期间要做的事情。

如果你是planning on running or sprinting, for instance, perform 5–10 reps of controlled forward and reverse lunges on each side. If you’re going to be doing weightedsquats- 像杯蹲用壶铃或杠铃蹲下 - 做一些深层的蹲式蹲下。

他说:“这使您的肌肉,关节和神经系统有机会为您要进行的激烈活动做准备。”

运动前不应该做的是静态伸展,您可以进入伸展运动并无需移动而保持位置。想想一下,就像在冰箱里放置了一段时间后试图拉动橡皮筋。一些研究发现静态伸展运动甚至可以降低您的力量和稳定性。

运动过程中伸展

Kuechenmeister说,在一组强度训练会议之间伸展可能是控制您的运动范围的好机会,这使得随后的集合更加有效。

他指出:“这是将等值力纳入力量或更动态伸展的好时机,以增加会议的整体心血管需求。”“一切都取决于您的需求和目标。”

STRETCHING TO COOL DOWN

Kuechenmeister建议,这种静态伸展的时间。

温和的静态伸展不仅有助于您的肌肉和关节,还可以使您的神经系统从战斗或飞行模式翻转为“休息和消化”设置。这也可以降低皮质醇水平锻炼已经提升了。

Kuechenmeister说:“如果您没有表演冷却的伸展运动,则可能会阻碍康复并使肌肉更硬。”“这是您想通过长时间静态或频带辅助拉伸来努力增加运动范围的时候。”

He suggests working in sets of 30 seconds to a minute for each stretch and focusing on specific areas of tightness unique to your body.

底线

使用不同的拉伸方法不仅可以帮助您为锻炼做准备,而且可以更好地恢复并防止受伤。

Kuechenmeister说,请记住有些人是超速行驶的,因此他们可能需要更少的时间延长时间。其他人可能需要更多的时间,这是由于整天长时间坐着或通常紧紧的肌肉。

“Our goal should be mobility, which is flexibility plus strength and control,” he says. “Once we have mobility, our bodies will be more efficient and resilient movers.”

关于作者

Elizabeth Millard
Elizabeth Millard

Elizabeth is a freelance journalist specializing in health and fitness, as well as an ACE certified personal trainer and Yoga Alliance registered yoga teacher. Her work has appeared in SELF, Runner’s World, Women’s Health and CNN.

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