In the 1950s, Terry Todd had a problem. He was on the University of Texas tennis team, but he risked being thrown off for violating his coach’s strict policy and doing something forbidden: lifting weights.
特里接受了他的命运，但通过继续成为有史以来最装饰的举重运动员之一，以他的名字赢得了命运。的确，他的传说如此之高，以至于阿诺德·施瓦辛格（Arnold Schwarzenegger）本人对举重室并不陌生，他在去年去世后发表了个人记忆。演员和前州长写道：“他真是个怪物。”“真正的力量，但也是善良的内心和伟大的讲故事的人。”
Todd, along with his wife, Jan — a record-breaking powerlifter in her own right — helped develop an extensive library devoted to sports and physical culture, a collection of 30,000 books that now lives at the University of Texas. (One presumes the school’s current tennis players are allowed to lift weights.)
两人还与威斯康星大学 - 怀特沃特大学的健康，体育，娱乐，娱乐和教练副教授Jason P. Shurley一起撰写了一系列书籍，其中包括最新的“美国力量教练”。这本书追溯了从远古时代到今天的力量训练的历史，特别是在1950年代后期至60年代后期发生的海洋变化，当时举重从可能使您踢开网球队的东西变成了广泛赞誉的东西for the success of some of the era’s best teams and individual athletes.
我们与Shurley谈论了这一历史以及他在写这本书时学到的知识。这是他的收获：
Q: The change in the past 50 years can’t be overstated. How would you explain it?
Shurley:“The really big change was Boyd Epley in Nebraska in 1969. And you’ve got guys like Terry, who are athletes, who, despite what their coaches are telling them, are lifting weights. They see the difference on the field. Or [Heisman-winning running back] Billy Cannon at LSU in the late 1950s. They become this successful team, and you see the difference on the field. So you get the athletes, and then the scientific researchers and by the 1960s, teams that aren’t lifting weights at all are kind of these dinosaurs who don’t stand a chance. There are still holdouts, but they started to age out.
Today, [for organizations] it’s deciding what’s useful and what’s a sales pitch. At LSU, for example, they’re testing sweat concentration [in other words, what’s in an athlete’s sweat], and then consuming electrolyte drinks that are created based on the results of those tests.”
问：是的，有些运动员服用类固醇。但这不是他们今天更大，更强大的主要原因，是吗？
Shurley:“那个故事，富丽堂皇的故事，人们非法做的事情，除了在健身房的后面，人们不谈论什么。我们选择不专注于它 - 已被告知。大约我年龄较大的人，在举重时长大是踢青少年足球的必要性，到那些运动员上大学时，他们已经接受了六年的体重训练，然后在他们结束时进行了10年的成绩。10年的培训可以为某人做什么，这是该故事中没有被忽视的元素。人们对谈论毒品感兴趣，但是大多数运动员不服用毒品 - 大多数[运动员]都在全年火车。
“That was the thing with the drugs. One of the challenging parts in this shift in training is in the ‘60s, but the first anabolic steroid was brought to the U.S. in 1958. So you can’t separate the two, at least at elite levels. They grew up together. But the important thing to consider is: What is the real prevalence? When there was a steroid scare in the ‘80s, the highest estimate among high school students was 8–9%, and some were more like 6%. That’s fewer than 1 in 10.”
问：改变我们训练方式的培训师在很大程度上被遗忘了。您认为这本书改变了吗？
Shurley:“If you’re not familiar with names like Bob Hoffman (who helped popularize the barbell in the ‘30s), Joe Weider (who created Mr. Olympia) or Thomas DeLorme (the pioneering doctor whose research essentially laid the groundwork for modern strength training) — or those of Boyd Epley, the godfather of modern strength training, and Jan and Terry Todd, for that matter — you’ll enjoy learning their stories.”
Q: Would you say the Todds were legendary but humble?
Shurley:“I fell into the project, and it built on Terry’s work. He wrote about muscle binding and how coaches thought it was bad. But [after strength training], he was bigger, he could jump higher, he had more endurance, and a lot of his career was writing about that. The first time I met Jan she said taking on a new grad student is like taking on a new member of the family. I thought she was being hyperbolic, but she meant it. It’s been a more familial relationship.
“I was always surprised by Jan’s modesty and lack of interest in talking about her own records and career. She would if you pressed her, but not as much as I would’ve if I had accomplished all that. [Laughs.] Terry was similar, he liked telling stories about other old-time strongmen — like meeting Andre the Giant.”
问：关于力量训练，您最大的建议是什么？
Shurley:“与我自己的学生交谈时，有一个完美的计划的想法，但是通常只是为了普遍健身而迷失的人们。确实，每周四天去健身房，挑战自己，您会看到改善。
“I feel like people have always had unrealistic expectations. Even 20 years ago with magazine covers. When I was a strength trainer at Gold’s Gym, a woman would come in who was 30% body fat and wanted to look like someone on our cover. Or a guy who was 140 pounds soaking wet wanted to be 220. It’s the same, but now it’s on our phones.”
问：如何建议人们开始？
Shurley:“I see people performing lifts that are too advanced, relative to their experience, because those lifts are trendy. For example, kettlebell swings are a fine exercise, but they’re more difficult to perform correctly, with the proper spinal alignment and hip-hinging, than people often expect. I see them performed all the time, but many people do them with some combination of a rounded back and semi-squatting.
因此，我想我对有兴趣学习表演的新手或越来越受欢迎的奥运会升降机和变体的建议是找到合格的教练/教练/教练。许多健身房不会在员工身上像这样的人，因此他们可能需要寻找一个能够迎合运动员或竞争性举重者的人。如果这是不可行的，那么人们可能可以从YouTube教程中学习基本形式，然后他们自己拍摄并评估自己在集合之间或举起会议之后的形式。
问：您现在应该尝试的升降机是什么。
Shurley:“就被低估的而言，我想我会去硬拉，尽管我认为这正在发生变化。They’re relatively easy to perform, train a host of muscle groups at one time (hip/knee extensors, spinal extensors, scap elevators, shoulder extensors, finger flexors, etc), and have good carry-over to activities of daily living.”
