Are Artificial Sweeteners Healthy?

凯利·霍根(Kelly Hogan)
经过凯利·霍根(Kelly Hogan)
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Are Artificial Sweeteners Healthy?

人造甜味剂在许多食品中,从冰淇淋到烘焙食品再到您喜欢的咖啡饮料。它们之所以受欢迎,是因为它们提供了一个机会,可以享受含糖量较低的甜食,并且不含卡路里。这对于糖尿病和试图减少糖摄入量的人可能很有用。通常,美国人的平均消耗量超过建议的每天添加糖的9.5茶匙的限制,而人造甜味剂则提供了各种漏洞,可以解决此问题,而无需完全从饮食中切掉某些食物。但是这种行为健康吗?人造甜味剂本身健康吗?让我们研究一些细节。

WHAT ARE ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

人造甜味剂就是它们的声音 - 在实验室中化学制造的糖替代品。它们的处理高度高200-600倍,比糖的甜度高200-600倍,这意味着提供甜味所需的少得多。人造甜味剂也是非营养的,这意味着它们没有营养或卡路里。人造甜味剂受食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的调节为食品添加剂,目前我们食品系统中的人造甜味剂通常被认为是安全的。这并不是说没有研究将人造甜味剂与各种健康风险和挑战相关联。

THE PROS

我们的食物中最常见的人造甜味剂,分别用于咖啡和在家烘烤等物品中,是糖精(甜和低),阿斯巴甜(相等)和三氯甘蔗糖(Splenda)。甜叶菊是另一种流行的糖替代品,尽管在某些人方面,它不被认为是人造甜味剂,因为它自然来自植物。与糖不同,人造甜味剂通常不会在食用时显着升高血糖或胰岛素水平,因此它们可能对糖尿病患者的血糖控制有帮助。由于它们不含糖或卡路里,因此另一个想法是人造甜味剂也可能有助于体重管理。

THE CONS

Replacing foods or beverages you enjoy with an artificially sweetened version may have an oppositional effect for some individuals who consciously or subconsciously offset them with other high-calorie, high-sugar foods. In practice, I’ve also found clients who consume artificially sweetened foods tend to feel less satiated after eating them and report an increase in cravings for sweets in general.

What’s more, because they are so sweet, artificial sweeteners may change the way we taste food. Arecent review发现食用人为甜味饮料和甜味阈值减少的个体中的味觉感知的一致改变。这可能会影响我们品尝其他更自然的甜食,例如水果,并使它们更吸引人。

另一个评论found artificial sweeteners to be consistently linked to weight gain, increased food intake, altered blood sugar control, decreased satiety signaling and alterations in the gut microbiome. Much of these findings are due to possible effects artificial sweeteners may have on taste receptors and the secretion of hormones that regulate blood sugar control and our hunger and fullness cues. Various animal studies in this review also pointed toward the likelihood artificial sweeteners may impact the gut microflora negatively by reducing the diversity of gut bacteria. This is concerning, as we know healthy gut bacteria helps support immunity, hormone production and regulates the digestive system.

底线

这个问题的答案在这里有一些nuance. If consuming artificial sweeteners helps some people with diabetes control blood sugar, they may be a healthy choice for themat times。但是,任何一件事都可能不是长期健康的最佳选择(甚至是布鲁塞尔芽菜!),盘点饮食很重要。通过做出其他饮食选择,几乎没有人造甜味剂来控制血糖,也完全有可能控制血糖。这是我通常与客户使用的方法。

对于通常没有糖尿病的健康人,我建议限制人造甜味剂,因为可用的信息是如此混杂,并且具有一些有关元素的信息。如果您对人造甜味剂的消费量很高,这可能需要一些工作才能使您的味蕾习惯新的常态。断奶过程或逐渐减少人造甜味剂是有用的,最终可能导致对自然甜食的更敏感性。查看整个饮食,并确定您可以不时需要它们(例如,在某些咖啡饮料中)可以做到的领域也可能会有所帮助。请记住,生活和营养都是关于平衡并牢记大局的。

每天都在进行迷你健身和营养目标时每天取得进展,例如走更多步骤或学习跟踪宏。去 ”Plans”在MyFitnessPal应用程序中,用于日常教练和易于遵循的任务,以使您有动力。

About the Author

凯利·霍根(Kelly Hogan)
凯利·霍根(Kelly Hogan)

凯利·霍根(Kelly Hogan)is an NYC-based registered dietitian specializing in women’s health, sports nutrition and plant-based eating. She is passionate about helping people develop a positive relationship with food and their bodies, and uses a non-diet approach in her practice. When she’s not talking or writing all things nutrition, Kelly can be found running in Central Park – she’s run 11 marathons and counting! – cooking recipes new and old, handstanding at the yoga studio or hanging with friends and/or her rescue dog, Peanut.

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